نقش کولین در تغذیۀ نشخوارکنندگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

2 استاد گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

چکیده

کولین برخلاف سایر ویتامین‌های گروه B یک کاتالیزور متابولیک نبوده و به ‌عنوان یک بخش ساختمانی ضروری در بافت‌های بدن محسوب می‌شود. همچنین کولین بخشی از لسیتین‌ها بوده که نقشی حیاتی در ساختمان و فعالیت‌های سلولی بر عهده دارند. کولین نقش مهمی در متابولیسم چربی در کبد ایفا می‌نماید، به طوری ‌که چربی اضافه در کبد را به لسیتین تبدیل می‌کند یا میزان مصرف اسیدهای چرب را افزایش می‌دهد و به همین دلیل مانع تجمع چربی در کبد می‌شود. کولین جزئی از استیل کولین است که مسئول انتقال پیام‌های عصبی می‌باشد؛ نهایتاً این ویتامین به عنوان یک دهنده گروه‌های متیل در واکنش‌های ترانس متیلاسیون با دخالت اسید فولیک یا ویتامین B12 عمل می‌کند. اگرچه سایر ترکیبات نظیر متیونین و بتائین نیز می‌توانند به عنوان دهندۀ گروه متیل عمل نمایند، امّا قادر به جایگزینی کولین در دیگر وظایف آن نیستند. با توجه به اینکه کولین می‌تواند در کبد از متیونین ساخته شود؛ بنابراین احتیاج حیوان به کولین به وسیله سطح متیونین جیره تحت تأثیر قرار می‌گیرد.

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