اثر فیبر جیره و فرآوری کردن خوراک بر قابلیت هضم نشاسته‌ی غلات مختلف در طیور

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه علوم دام و طیور، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، آذربایجان شرقی، ایران

چکیده

بیش از 80-70 درصد از دانه‌های غلات را نشاسته تشکیل می­‌دهد، که منبع اولیه انرژی در جیره­‌های طیور است. اگرچه عموماً اعتقاد بر این است که نشاسته به خوبی توسط طیور هضم می‌شود، با این حال قابلیت هضم پایین نشاسته در کل دستگاه گوارش و ایلئوم در برخی مطالعات گزارش شده ‌است. ساختار و ترکیب گرانول‌های نشاسته، برهمکنش آن‌ها با ماتریس پروتئین و قابلیت دسترسی آن‌ها پس از عمل‌آوری خوراک، نقش مهمی در هضم نشاسته ایفا می‌کنند. شواهدی وجود دارد که هضم نشاسته همبستگی بالایی با موقعیت ساختاری آن در مواد خوراکی و اجزای مرتبط با گرانول نشاسته دارد. پلی‌ساکاریدهای غیرنشاسته‌­ای چسبناک و روش‌­های فرآوری خوراک مانند پلت کردن، تغذیه کامل دانه غلات و افزودن فیبر به جیره طیور نیز اثر معنی­‌داری روی قابلیت هضم نشاسته دارند. هدف از این بررسی، توجه به عوامل مؤثر بر فرآیند هضم و جذب نشاسته در طیور است. اثرات  فیبر محلول و نامحلول در جیره و فرآوری خوراک روی هضم نشاسته است.

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