علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک

علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک

مروری بر تأثیر الیگوساکاریدها در تغذیه طیور

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان
1 دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
2 مدیر واحد تحقیق و توسعه، شرکت سپیدماکیان، رشت، گیلان، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
4 پژوهشگر واحد تحقیق و توسعه شرکت سپیدماکیان، رشت، گیلان، ایران
چکیده
الیگوساکاریدها به ‌عنوان ترکیبات پری‌بیوتیکی نقش مهمی در بهبود سلامت روده و افزایش کارایی تغذیه‌ای طیور دارند. این ترکیبات با تحریک رشد میکروبیوتا مفید، کاهش جمعیت باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا و بهبود شرایط فیزیولوژیک دستگاه گوارش، به ‌عنوان جایگزینی مؤثر برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های محرک رشد مطرح شده‌اند. استفاده از الیگوساکاریدها در جیره طیور طی سال‌های اخیر به دلیل نگرانی‌های مرتبط با مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی و نیاز به تولید پایدار، مورد توجه ویژه قرار گرفته است. الیگوساکاریدها از مهم‌ترین ترکیباتی هستند که می‌توانند با افزایش جمعیت باکتری‌های مفید مانند بیفیدوباکترها، به بهبود هضم و جذب مواد مغذی کمک کنند. این ترکیبات با کاهش pH روده و تولید اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر، محیطی نامناسب برای رشد پاتوژن‌ها ایجاد کرده و در نتیجه موجب بهبود عملکرد رشد و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در طیور می‌شوند. مانان‌الیگوساکاریدها نیز از دیوارۀ سلولی مخمر استخراج می‌شوند و نقش برجسته‌ای در جلوگیری از اتصال باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا به سلول‌های روده دارند. این ترکیبات با مسدودکردن گیرنده‌های سطحی برای پاتوژن‌هایی مانند سالمونلا و ای‌کولای، خطر عفونت‌های گوارشی را کاهش می‌دهند. علاوه بر این، مانان‌الیگوساکاریدها با تحریک سیستم ایمنی ذاتی و بهبود پاسخ‌های ایمنی، به افزایش سلامت عمومی و بهبود کیفیت لاشه در طیور کمک می‌کنند. زایلوالیگوساکاریدها نیز به‌عنوان نسل جدیدی از پری‌بیوتیک‌ها شناخته می‌شوند که با افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی و بهبود هضم فیبر، نقش مهمی در بهبود کارایی خوراک دارند. این ترکیبات با کاهش تولید آمونیاک و بهبود وضعیت بستر، شرایط محیطی مناسب‌تری برای پرورش طیور فراهم می‌کنند. در مجموع، استفاده از الیگوساکاریدها می‌تواند به ‌طور قابل‌توجهی سلامت روده، عملکرد رشد و بهره‌وری سیستم تولید طیور را ارتقا دهد. در این مقاله علمی- ترویجی به اثرات بعضی از آن‌ها ‌پرداخته می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Review of the Effects of Oligosaccharides in Poultry Nutrition

نویسندگان English

Keyvan Jelveh Ghaziani 1 2
Zahra Biabani Asli 3 4
1 Ph.D. in Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, University of Gilan, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
2 Director of Research and Development Unit, Sepidmakian Company, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, University of Gilan, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
4 Researcher of Research and Development Unit, Sepidmakian Company, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
چکیده English

Oligosaccharides play an important role as prebiotic compounds in improving intestinal health and increasing the nutritional efficiency of poultry. These compounds have been proposed as an effective alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics by stimulating the growth of beneficial microbiota, reducing the population of pathogenic bacteria, and improving the physiological conditions of the digestive tract. The use of oligosaccharides in poultry diets has received special attention in recent years due to concerns related to antibiotic resistance and the need for sustainable production. Oligosaccharides are among the most important compounds that can help improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients by increasing the population of beneficial bacteria, such as bifidobacteria. These compounds create an unfavorable environment for the growth of pathogens by reducing intestinal pH and producing short-chain fatty acids, and as a result, they improve growth performance and feed conversion ratio in poultry. Mannan-oligosaccharides are also extracted from yeast cell walls and play a prominent role in preventing the attachment of pathogenic bacteria to intestinal cells. These compounds reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections by blocking surface receptors for pathogens such as Salmonella and E.coli. In addition, mannan-oligosaccharides help to increase general health and improve carcass quality in poultry by stimulating the innate immune system and improving immune responses. Xylo-oligosaccharides are also known as a new generation of prebiotics that play an important role in improving feed efficiency by increasing digestive enzyme activity and improving fiber digestion. These compounds provide more suitable environmental conditions for poultry farming by reducing ammonia production and improving litter conditions. Overall, the use of oligosaccharides can significantly improve intestinal health, growth performance, and productivity of the poultry production system. In this review, we discuss the impacts of some of them.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Broiler chicken
Nutrition
Oligosaccharides
Poultry
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