مدیریت آغوز در گوساله‌های شیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 استادیار فیزیولوژی دامپزشکی، گروه علوم آزمایشگاهی و درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

مصرف زود هنگام و کافی آغوز با کیفیت بالا به طور گسترده‌ای به عنوان مهمترین عامل مدیریتی در تعیین سلامت و بقای گوساله‌های شیرخوار شناخته شده است. آغوز گاو مخلوطی از ترشحات لاکتال و اجزای تشکیل دهنده سرم خون، به ویژه ایمونوگلوبولین و سایر پروتئین‌های سرم است که در طول دورۀ خشکی قبل از زایمان در غدد پستانی انباشته شده است. مدیریت آغوز مهمترین عامل مدیریتی در تعیین سلامت و بقای گوساله است. متأسفانه، بخش قابل توجهی از گوساله‌های شیری از عدم انتقال غیرفعال آنتی‌بادی‌ها از آغوز رنج می‌برند، که منجر به مرگ و میر بسیار بالای پیش از شیرگیری و سایر ضررهای کوتاه‌ مدت و بلند مدت مرتبط با سلامت، رفاه و عملکرد حیوانات می‌شود. یک برنامه مدیریت موفق آغوز نیاز دارد که پرورش‌دهندگان به طور مداوم حجم کافی از آغوز تمیز و با کیفیت بالا را در 24 ساعت اول زندگی به گوساله‌ها ارائه دهند. به منظور دستیابی به انتقال غیرفعال قابل قبول در بیش از 90 درصد گوساله‌های تغذیه شده، حداقل 150 تا 200 گرم ایمونوگلوبولین G باید بلافاصله پس از تولد به گوساله منتقل شود. این مقاله به بررسی اجزای مهم آغوز و عوامل مرتبط با کیفیت و عملکرد آغوز می‌پردازد و همچنین اجزای کلیدی ارائه و نظارت بر یک برنامه مدیریت موفق آغوز مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.

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