نقش عصاره و اسانس گیاهان دارویی و معطر در بهبود تغذیه و تولید جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم و مهندسی باغبانی گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، خراسان جنوبی، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی ژنتیک و اصلاح دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و آبزیان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران

10.22059/domesticsj.2026.409048.1225

چکیده

امروزه، پرورش جوجه‌های گوشتی، فشرده‌ترین شاخه دامپروری و یک صنعت گوشتی به سرعت در حال گسترش در سطح جهان است. ظهور باکتری‌های مقاوم به آنتی‌بیوتیک، ضرورت جایگزینی آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها با سایر محصولات کم خطر/بی‌خطر مانند پری‌بیوتیک‌ها، پروبیوتیک‌ها، عصاره و اسانس گیاهان دارویی را ایجاب کرده است. گیاهان دارویی و معطر از جمله منابع غنی از ترکیبات بیولوژیکی فعال مانند آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها، آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های طبیعی و مواد ضد التهابی هستند که می‌توانند به بهبود سیستم ایمنی، رشد و کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی کمک کنند. در سال‌های اخیر، عصاره و اسانس گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک‌های رشد و تقویت کننده‌های سلامت مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند؛ زیرا، این اسانس‌ها دارای خواص بالقوه ضدمیکروبی، ضدقارچی، ضدانگلی و ضدویروسی هستند. استفاده از عصاره‌ها و اسانس‌های گیاهی در جیره خوراکی این پرندگان به بهبود عملکرد رشد، کاهش مصرف داروهای آنتی‌بیوتیکی و افزایش کیفیت گوشت (از نظر طعم، بافت و مواد مغذی) منجر شده است. این ترکیبات علاوه بر تقویت سیستم گوارش و کاهش بیماری‌های روده‌ای، می‌توانند در کنترل استرس اکسیداتیو، تقویت سلامت کبد و کاهش احتمال آلودگی‌های میکروبی موثر باشند. گوشت بدون چربی تولید شده در اثر مصرف عصاره و اسانس گیاهان دارویی از طریق جیره خوراکی طیور، خطر ابتلا به چربی خون بالا را در مصرف‌کنندگان آن‌ها را کاهش می‌دهد. بنابراین، استفاده از عصاره و اسانس گیاهان دارویی و معطر در تغذیه طیور می‌تواند به عنوان یک راهکار پایدار و سالم در تولید جوجه گوشتی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Extracts and Essential Oils of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Improving Nutrition and Production of Broilers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mani Jabbari 1
  • Somayeh Tazehkam 2
1 M.Sc. in Horticultural Science, Major in Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student in Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquatic Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, broiler farming is the most intensive branch of animal husbandry and a rapidly expanding broiler industry worldwide. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has necessitated the replacement of antibiotics with other low-risk/safe products such as prebiotics, probiotics, extracts, and essential oils of medicinal plants. Medicinal and aromatic plants are rich sources of biologically active compounds such as antioxidants, natural antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory substances that can help improve the immune system, growth, and meat quality of broilers. In recent years, herbal extracts and essential oils have been considered as growth promoters and health enhancers because these essential oils have potential antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties. The use of herbal extracts and essential oils in the diets of these birds has led to improved growth performance, reduced antibiotic use, and increased meat quality (in terms of flavor, texture, and nutrients). In addition to strengthening the digestive system and reducing intestinal diseases, these compounds can be effective in controlling oxidative stress, promoting liver health, and reducing the likelihood of microbial contamination. Lean meat produced by consuming herbal extracts and essential oils through poultry diets reduces the risk of hyperlipidemia in consumers. Therefore, the use of extracts and essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants in poultry nutrition can be considered as a sustainable and healthy solution in broiler chicken production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler Chicken
  • Medicinal Plants
  • Antibacterial
  • Carvacrol
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