اثرات کربوهیدراتازهای نسل جدید بر عملکرد و سلامتی روده در طیور

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، آذربایجان غربی، ایران

چکیده

در پرورش طیور، خوراک حدود 75-70 درصد از کل هزینۀ تولید را شامل می‌شود. خوراک عمدتاً از دانه‌های غلات تشکیل شده است که انرژی را برای پرندگان تأمین می‌کند. با این حال، این دانه‌ها حاوی سطوح مختلفی از عوامل ضدتغذیه‌ای مانند پلی‌ساکاریدهای غیر نشاسته‌ای (NSP) هستند. NSPها به دلیل فقدان آنزیم‌های حیاتی درون‌زاد (کربوهیدراتاز‌ها) توسط پرندگان قابل هضم نیستند؛ بنابراین ویسکوزیتۀ روده افزایش می‌یابد و به دنبال آن عبور و جذب مواد مغذی کندتر می‌شود. در نتیجه، NSPها ممکن است با ایجاد رقابت در جمعیت میکروبی روده برای مواد مغذی قابل هضم، باعث افزایش عفونت شوند. این امر بر سلامت پرنده تأثیر می‌گذارد و هزینۀ تولید را افزایش می‌دهد. بنابراین به راه حل‌های کارآمد و مؤثر برای حل این مشکلات نیاز است. آنزیم‌های گروه کربوهیدراتاز نقش مهمی در هضم خوراک طیور با محتوای NSP بالا دارند. استفاده از آنزیم‌های برون‌زاد در خوراک طیور از سال‌ها قبل برای افزایش عملکرد رشد و قابلیت هضم استفاده می‌شود. کربوهیدراتازهای نسل جدید با دامنۀ فعالیت گسترده‌تر و پایداری در دستگاه گوارش به تخریب بسترهای پیچیده و بهبود عملکرد رشد طیور کمک می‌کنند. بررسی حاضر، مطالعات به روز در مورد استفاده از کربوهیدراتازها برای بهبود عملکرد پرنده و سلامت روده را خلاصه می‌کند.

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