اثرات تنش گرمایی در گاوهای شیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

چکیده

تنش گرمایی یکی از معضلات اساسی در گاوداری‌های ایران به‌ویژه در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه گرمسیری است و یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل تنش‌زای محیطی است که باعث کاهش بهره‌وری در دامپروری می‌شود. بهره‌وری حیوانات مزرعه به دلیل افزایش دما به میزان قابل ‌توجهی کاهش می‌یابد. در نتیجه زیان‌های اقتصادی قابل‌ توجهی در ماه‌های تابستان رخ می‌دهد. شاخص رطوبت- دما که با توجه به دمای هوا و رابطۀ رطوبت نسبی ایجاد شده است، یک روش پرکاربرد برای تعیین اثر تنش گرمایی برای حیوانات اهلی است. نشخوارکنندگانی که وارد تنش گرمایی می‌شوند مصرف خوراک کمتر و در نتیجه عملکرد کمتری دارند. گاوهای شیری به تنش گرمایی بسیار حساس هستند. از طرفی نژادهای شیری به‌ طور معمول نسبت به نژادهای گوشتی به تنش حرارتی حساس‌تر هستند. علاوه بر این حیواناتی که تولید بالاتری دارند نیز به دلیل تولید گرمای متابولیکی بیشتر به تنش گرمایی حساس‌تر هستند. از این رو، تولید پایدار و پرورش گاوهای شیری در شرایط آب ‌و هوای متغیر جهانی همچنان به‌ عنوان یک چالش بزرگ به ‌حساب می‌آید.

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