اثرات تنش گرمایی بر عملکرد و وضعیت فیزیولوژیک در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، گلستان، ایران

چکیده

نشخوارکنندگان کوچک (گوسفند و بز) نقش مهمی در اقتصاد دارند؛ زیرا تأمین‌کنندۀ گوشت، شیر، پوست، پشم و الیاف مورد نیاز جوامع بشری است. حیوانات تحت تأثیر انواع مختلفی از عوامل استرس‌زا از جمله استرس فیزیکی، شیمیایی، تغذیه‌ای و گرمایی قرار می‌گیرند. در این میان، تنش گرمایی در زمینۀ آب و هوایی کنونی دستخوش تغییرات نگران‌کننده‌ای است. افزایش تقاضا برای محصولات دامی همراه با هوای گرم تهدیدی جدی برای بخش کشاورزی است. تغییرات آب و هوایی جدی‌ترین چالش بلند مدت صاحبان نشخوارکنندگان کوچک در سراسر جهان است. تنش گرمایی منجر به کاهش رشد، اختلال در تولیدمثل، کاهش تولید، تغییر کمیت و کیفیت شیر و همچنین ایمنی طبیعی می‌شود و حیوانات را در برابر بیماری‌ها و حتی مرگ آسیب‌پذیرتر می‌کند. نشخوارکنندگانی که تحت تأثیر تنش گرمایی قرار می‌گیرند، مصرف خوراک کمتر و در نتیجه عملکرد کمتری دارند. آگاهی از تنش گرمایی اولین گام برای مدیریت آن می‌باشد تا از خسارات اقتصادی قابل‌ توجه جلوگیری شود.

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