حساسیت به پروتئین‌های شیر و روش‌های پیشگیری و کنترل آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی تغذیه طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، البرز، کرج، ایران

چکیده

شیر گاو منبع غنی پروتئین و تمام اسیدهای آمینۀ ضروری است. پروتئین موجود در لبنیات به رشد و ترمیم عضلات کمک می‌کند. امّا عدم تحمل پروتئین شیر عارضه‌ای است که در اثر آن دستگاه گوارش افراد به ویژه خردسالان نسبت به پروتئین شیر گاو واکنش نشان می‌دهد. حساسیت به پروتئین شیر گاو (CMPA) یک بیماری شایع گوارشی و متابولیک و یا آلرژیک با سطوح مختلف شیوع از 2/5 درصد در کودکان در طول سه سال اول زندگی تا ۱۲ الی ۳۰ درصد در کودکان زیر سه ماه است و می‌تواند حتی تا ۲۰ درصد در برخی کشورها بالا رود. این حساسیت اغلب در دوران کودکی و نوزادی، به طور معمول در ۱۲ ماه اول زندگی تظاهر می‌یابد. شیر گاو یکی از شایع‌ترین علل آنافیلاکسی و التهاب مری ناشی از مواد غذایی است. آنتروپاتی شیر گاو می‌تواند با اسهال طولانی و عدم رشد همراه باشد. التهاب مری، ناهنجاری‌های الکتریکی معده (الکتروگاستروگرافیک)، تأخیر در گفتار، اسهال و استفراغ و دیابت از دیگر پیامدهای گزارش شده در مورد حساسیت به پروتئین‌های شیر گاو است. با این وجود حساسیت به شیر گاو با استفاده از روش‌های مختلفی مانند جایگزین کردن شیر گاو با شتر یا عملیات حرارتی و ... قابل کنترل و پیشگیری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

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