مروری بر روش‌های مختلف تشخیص آبستنی در گاوهای شیری؛ ابزارهای مدیریتی در تولیدمثل

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره کارشناسی ارشد تغذیه دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

10.22059/domesticsj.2026.398135.1206

چکیده

تشخیص زود هنگام و دقیق آبستنی و اختلالات تولیدمثلی، یکی از ارکان اساسی مدیریت تولیدمثل در گاوهای شیری محسوب می‌شود و نقش مستقیم در افزایش بهره‌وری اقتصادی و تولید مادام‌العمر بهینه ایفا می‌کند. کارایی تولیدمثلی بالا پیش ‌شرط دستیابی به بازده اقتصادی مطلوب در گاوداری‌ها است و تشخیص به‌ موقع آبستنی به کوتاه کردن فاصله بین دو زایش کمک می‌کند؛ شناسایی سریع گاوهای غیرآبستن و انجام اقدامات درمانی و تلقیح مجدد به موقع، روزهای باز پس از زایمان را در حدود ۶۰ روز حفظ می‌کند و بازدهی تولیدمثل را به حداکثر می‌رساند. روش‌های تشخیص آبستنی در گاوهای شیری به دو دستة مستقیم و غیرمستقیم تقسیم می‌شوند. روش‌های مستقیم، مانند لمس رکتال، سونوگرافی ترانس‌رکتال، بررسی عدم تقارن شاخ‌های رحم و ارزیابی ماندگاری جسم زرد، بر مشاهده مستقیم وضعیت تولیدمثلی مبتنی هستند. روش‌های غیرمستقیم، با اندازه‌گیری نشانگرهای زیستی در گردش خون مادر، اطلاعات غیرمستقیم امّا قابل اعتماد در مورد وضعیت آبستنی فراهم می‌آورند؛ از جمله اندازه‌گیری پروژسترون، گلیکوپروتئین‌های مرتبط با آبستنی، فاکتورهای اولیه آبستنی و آزمون‌های الایزا. یک آزمون ایده‌آل آبستنی باید در مراحل اولیه قادر به ارائه نتایج دقیق، سریع، قابل اعتماد و عملی باشد و همزمان هزینه مناسبی داشته باشد. این مطالعة علمی- ترویجی با بررسی روش‌های مرسوم و نوین تشخیص آبستنی در گاوهای شیری، قصد دارد قابلیت فناوری‌های پیشرفته در شناسایی نشانگرهای جدید و طراحی راهبردهای پژوهشی آینده را در بهبود مدیریت تولیدمثل و افزایش بهره‌وری اقتصادی ارزیابی نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A review of various pregnancy diagnosis methods in dairy cows: reproductive management tools

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khatam Aminoroayaee 1
  • Majid Pasandideh 2
  • Saeid Karimi Dehkordi 3
1 M.Sc. Student in Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Early and accurate diagnosis of pregnancy and reproductive disorders is a fundamental component of reproductive management in dairy cows and plays a direct role in enhancing economic efficiency and lifetime productivity. High reproductive efficiency is a prerequisite for achieving optimal economic returns in dairy operations, and timely pregnancy detection contributes significantly to shortening the calving interval. Rapid identification of non-pregnant cows, followed by timely therapeutic interventions and re-insemination, helps maintain the open days after calving at around 60 days and maximizes reproductive efficiency. Pregnancy diagnosis methods in dairy cows can be broadly classified into direct and indirect approaches. Direct methods, such as rectal palpation, transrectal ultrasonography, assessment of uterine horn asymmetry, and evaluation of corpus luteum persistence, rely on direct observation of reproductive status. Indirect methods provide reliable information on pregnancy status by measuring circulating biomarkers in maternal blood, including progesterone, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, early pregnancy factor, and commercial ELISA tests. An ideal pregnancy test should be capable of delivering accurate, rapid, reliable, and practical results during the early stages of gestation while remaining cost-effective. This review aims to examine both conventional and novel pregnancy diagnostic methods in dairy cows and to assess the potential of advanced technologies in identifying new biomarkers and designing future research strategies to improve reproductive management and enhance economic productivity in dairy herds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dairy cattle
  • Direct detection
  • Indirect detection
  • Pregnancy detection
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