تأثیر تغذیة هر روزه و یک روز در میان در پولت‌های گله مادر گوشتی در طی دوره پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی علوم دامی، مدیر واحد تحقیق و توسعه، شرکت سپیدماکیان، رشت، گیلان، ایران

2 دکتری تخصصی علوم دامی، پژوهشگر واحد تحقیق و توسعه شرکت سپیدماکیان، رشت، گیلان، ایران

10.22059/domesticsj.2026.400543.1211

چکیده

اجرای برنامه محدودیت تغذیه‌ای در پرورش پولت‌های مادر گوشتی، به منظور کنترل افزایش وزن بدن، بهبود یکنواختی گله، بهینه‌سازی آمادگی تولیدمثلی و تولید تخم‌مرغ نطفه‌دار ضروری است. بنابراین نیاز به برنامه‌های محدودیت خوراک برای گله‌های مادر به یک نیاز حیاتی تبدیل شده است. برنامه تغذیه‌ای یک روز در میان (SAD) به دلیل سهولت کاربرد، نتایج خوب و توزیع خوراک به روشی مناسب برای مدیریت گله‌های مادر گوشتی تبدیل شده است و استفاده از آن، زمان پاکسازی دان را افزایش داده و فرصت‌های بیش‌تری برای بهبود مصرف خوراک فراهم می‌کند. ایجاد محدودیت خوراک در طول دورة پرورش می‌تواند منجر به گرسنگی مزمن، اضطراب ناشی از عدم تغذیه و همچنین مشکلات رفاهی عمومی گردد. تغذیة روزانه (ED) پولت‌ها به کاهش برخی مشکلات رفاهی کمک می‌کند. مطالعات انجام شده گزارش کرده‌اند که تغذیة پولت‌ها با جیره‌های فیبر بالا و کم چگالی با اجرای برنامه ED منجر به بهبودی در مشاهده اولین تخم‌مرغ، رشد روده و کیفیت پوسته تخم‌مرغ شده است. علاوه بر این، برنامه ED در مقایسه با پولت‌های تغذیه ‌شده با برنامه SAD، وزن بدن بیشتر در زمان تحریک نوری، بهبود یکنواختی گله، وزن کلی تخم‌مرغ و همچنین پرزهای بلندتر و محکم‌تری در روده ایجاد می‌کند. به طور کلی، بررسی‌ها نشان داد که برنامه SAD اگر چه می‌تواند یکنواختی گله را افزایش دهد، امّا مشکلاتی مانند گرسنگی مزمن و کاهش رفاه پرنده را به ‌دنبال دارد. در مقابل، برنامه ED با استفاده از جیره‌های کم ‌چگالی و پُر فیبر، علاوه بر بهبود رشد دستگاه گوارش، بلوغ زودتر جنسی و کیفیت بهتر پوسته تخم‌مرغ، موجب یکنواختی مناسب گله نیز می‌شود. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد برنامه ED در شرایط مدیریتی مناسب گزینه کارآمدتری برای پرورش پولت‌های مادر گوشتی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of every-day and skip-a-day feeding of broiler breeder pullets during rearing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Keyvan Jelveh Ghaziani 1
  • Matin Nadaf Fahmideh 2
1 Ph.D. in Animal Sciences, Director of Research and Development Unit, Sepidmakian Company, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
2 Ph.D. in Animal Sciences, Researcher of Research and Development Unit, Sepidmakian Company, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Feed restriction programs during the rearing phase of broiler breeder pullets is essential for controlling body weight gain, improving flock uniformity, optimizing reproductive readiness and fertile egg production. As such, feed restriction has become a critical management tool for broiler breeder flocks. The skip-a-day (SAD) feeding program, due to its ease of application and favorable outcomes, has become a common method for managing broiler breeders, as it facilitates efficient feed distribution, prolongs feed cleanup time, and provides more opportunities for improved feed intake. However, feed restriction during the rearing period can lead to chronic hunger, feeding anxiety, and general welfare concerns. Every day feeding (ED) of pullets can help alleviate some of these welfare issues. Studies have shown that feeding pullets a low-density, high-fiber diet under an ED program improves age at first egg, intestinal development, and eggshell quality. Furthermore, compared to pullets on SAD programs, ED-fed pullets exhibit higher body weight at the time of photostimulation, better flock uniformity, greater overall egg weight, and longer and more robust intestinal villi. Generally, research indicates that while the SAD program may improve flock uniformity, it is associated with negative welfare outcomes such as chronic hunger. In contrast, the ED program, when combined with low-density, high-fiber diets, not only supports improved gastrointestinal development, earlier sexual maturity, and better eggshell quality but also results in acceptable flock uniformity. Therefore, under proper management conditions, the ED program appears to be a more efficient and welfare-friendly strategy for rearing broiler breeder pullets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler breeder
  • Feed restriction programs
  • Feeding program
  • Flock uniformity
  • Pullet
  • Rearing

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علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک
دوره 25، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 35
در حال تکمیل شدن
اسفند 1404
صفحه 28-34

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