چشم‌اندازهای ژنتیکی استرس گرمایی بر باروری گاوهای شیری؛ دیدگاه‌های اخیر مبتنی بر نشانگرهای ژنتیکی، شبکه‌های ژنی و مسیرهای متابولیکی- سیگنالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

2 استاد ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

3 دانشیار ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران

چکیده

گاوهای هلشتاین، به دلیل قابلیت بالا در تولید مقادیر شیر و سازگاری با شرایط مختلف آب و هوایی، یکی از مهم‌ترین نژادهای گاوهای شیرده در جهان محسوب می‌شوند. استرس گرمایی به عنوان چالشی عظیم برای صنعت پرورش گاوهای شیرده، به ویژه، در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه‌ گرمسیری می‌تواند پیامدهای منفی بر قابلیت تولید شیر، توان باروری و همچنین سلامت عمومی گاوهای شیرده داشته باشد. این تأثیرات، شامل کاهش مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش دمای رکتال و میزان تنفس و اُفت تولید شیر و کیفیت آن می‌باشد. همچنین، استرس گرمایی می‌تواند باعث اختلالات در محیط داخل رحمی و کاهش میزان وزن و قد گوساله‌های متولد شده از گاوهای تحت استرس گرمایی شود. مطالعات مختلف نشان داده‌اند که استرس گرمایی می‌تواند بر مورفولوژی، متیلاسیون DNA و بیان ژنی کبد و پستان تأثیر بگذارد. همچنین، گزارش شده است که استرس گرمایی الگوی متیلاسیون DNA کبد و غدۀ پستان را تغییر داده و در طول دورۀ خشکی می‌تواند توسعۀ غدۀ پستان را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد و منجر به اُفت تولید شیر شود. از طرف دیگر، اثبات شده است که استرس گرمایی می‌تواند بر متابولیسم انرژی و نوکلئوتید در گاوهای شیرده تأثیر داشته باشد. برای مقابله با استرس گرمایی، راهبُرد‌های مختلفی از جمله مدیریت تغذیه، هورمون‌تراپی و استفاده از سیستم‌های خنک‌کننده پیشنهاد شده است. در مطالعه حاضر، با استفاده از مرور منابع و ترسیم شبکه اثرمتقابل پروتئین- پروتئین، 9 ژن هاب (IGF1R، CASP3، CALR، ATG3، ATG5، CASP8، HMOX1، BECN1 و HSPA1A) درگیر در استرس گرمایی گاوهای شیرده شناسایی شد. این ژن‌ها در تنظیم پاسخ سلولی به استرس، اتصال پروتئین استرس گرمایی، ساختار آناتومی داخل سلولی، سنتز هورمون‌های تیروئیدی و پاراتیروئیدی و همچنین، مسیرهای سیگنالی PI3K-Akt، AMPK، MAPK، IL-17، mTOR، GnRH، TNF دخیل بودند. در این راستا، انتخاب و اصلاح‌نژاد گاوهای شیرده با ژنوتیپ مقاوم به استرس گرمایی از طریق ادغام لایه‌های مختلف تکنولوژی اُمیکس و نشانگرهای ژنتیکی می‌تواند به طور قابل توجهی عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی را در گاوهای شیرده بهبود بخشد و گام شروع‌کننده برای مطالعات آینده در مورد استرس گرمایی در گاوهای شیرده در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The genetic landscapes of heat stress on dairy cattle fertility; recent insights based on genetic markers, gene networks, and metabolic-signaling pathways

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Midia Pirkhezranian 1
  • Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani 2
  • Mostafa Sadeghi 3
  • Farzad Ghafouri 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Animal and Poultry Breeding & Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
4 Ph.D. Candidate of Animal and Poultry Breeding & Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Holstein cows are considered one of the most important dairy cattle breeds in the world due to their exceptional milk production ability and adaptability to various climatic conditions. Heat stress represents a major challenge for the dairy industry, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, as it negatively impacts milk production, fertility and the overall health of dairy cows. Consequences of heat stress include decreased dry matter intake, increased rectal temperature and respiratory rate, and decreased milk production and quality. In addition, heat stress can disrupt the intrauterine environment and cause the calves of heat-stressed cows to have lower weight and size. Numerous studies have shown that heat stress affects morphology, DNA methylation, and gene expression in both liver and breast tissue. Heat stress has also been observed to alter DNA methylation patterns of the liver and mammary gland, which negatively impacts mammary gland development during the dry period, which may subsequently lead to reduced milk production. Additionally, heat stress has been shown to affect energy metabolism and nucleotides in dairy cows. Various strategies have been proposed to alleviate heat stress, including nutritional management, hormonal therapy, and the introduction of cooling systems. In this study, nine hub genes (IGF1R, CASP3, CALR, ATG3, ATG5, CASP8, HMOX1, BECN1, and HSPA1A) involved in heat stress in dairy cows were identified through a literature review and construction of a protein-protein interaction network. These genes are crucial in the regulation of cellular responses to stress, binding of heat shock proteins, intracellular anatomical structure and synthesis of thyroid and parathyroid hormones, as well as various signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, AMPK, MAPK, IL-17, mTOR, GnRH, and TNF. In this context, selecting and breeding dairy cows with heat stress-resistant genotypes by integrating different layers of omics technology and genetic markers can significantly increase production and reproductive performance. This approach may serve as a fundamental step for future studies addressing heat stress in dairy cattle.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dairy cattle
  • Fertility
  • Gene networks
  • Heat stress
  • Metabolic-signaling pathways

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علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک
دوره 25، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 32
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خرداد 1404
صفحه 5-18

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