بررسی اثرات مخمرها در تغذیه بر عملکرد و سلامت گوساله‌های شیرخوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد تغذیه دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

پرورش گوساله‌های شیرخوار یک دوره حیاتی برای رشد تلیسه‌ها است. گوساله‌های تازه متولد شده دارای عملکرد گوارشی و ایمنی پایینی قبل از شیر گرفتن هستند که آنها را بسیار مستعد ابتلا به عفونت‌های مختلف روده‌ای می‌کند. اسهال تهدید قابل توجهی برای سلامت گوساله‌ها بوده و ممکن است خسارات اقتصادی جدی به دامداری‌ها وارد کند. آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها معمولأ برای درمان اسهال و تقویت رشد گوساله استفاده می‌شوند که منجر به مقاومت باکتریایی و افزایش بقایای آنتی‌بیوتیک در گوشت می‌شود. بنابراین، یافتن فناوری‌های جدید برای بهبود اسهال گوساله‌های تازه متولد شده چالشی برای تولیدات دامی و بهداشت عمومی است. عملکرد جمعیت میکروبی روده در مراحل اولیه پس از تولد برای بهینه‌سازی عملکرد ایمنی و رشد بدن بسیار مهم است. از این رو مداخله زودهنگام در جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارشی گوساله با پروبیوتیک‌ها می‌تواند به طور مؤثر عملکرد گوساله را بهبود بخشند. مخمرها میکروارگانیسم‌های تک سلولی و اعضای قارچ‌ها هستند. مهمترین اثرات استفاده از مکمل‌های مخمری در مرحله پیش از شیرگیری همراه با بروز استرس گزارش شده که از این طریق می‌توان به بهود توسعه جمعیت میکروبی در شکمبه و کاهش احتمال تکثیر جمعیت عوامل بیماری‌زا دست پیدا کرد. مطالعات نشان داده‌اند که گوساله‌های تغذیه شده با خوراک آغازین یا جایگزین شیر تکمیل شده با مخمر، مصرف خوراک آغازین، افزایش وزن روزانه و قوام مدفوع بهتری نسبت به گوساله‌های شاهد دارند. هدف بررسی جایگزین‌های آنتی‌بیوتیکی مناسب برای بهبود سلامت گوساله است، که به مسائل بهداشت عمومی مرتبط با استفاده از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در دام توجه شود. این بررسی بر روی نقش و مکانیسم‌های مخمرها بر عملکرد و سلامت گوساله‌های شیرخوار تمرکز دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effects of yeasts in feeding on performance and health of suckling calves

نویسنده [English]

  • Bahareh Sofizadeh
M.Sc. Student of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the Razi University, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Suckling calves breeding is a critical period for the growth of heifers. Newborn calves have low digestive function and immunity before weaning, which makes them very susceptible to various intestinal infections. Diarrhea is a significant threat to the health of calves and may cause serious economic losses to livestock farms. Antibiotics are usually used to treat diarrhea and promote calf growth, which leads to bacterial resistance and increased antibiotic residues in meat. Therefore, finding new technologies to improve diarrhea in newborn calves is a challenge for livestock production and public health. The function of the gut microbial population in the early stages after birth is crucial for optimizing immune function and body development. Therefore, early intervention in the microbial population of the digestive system of the calf with probiotics can effectively improve the performance of the calf. Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms and members of fungi. The most important effects of using yeast supplements in the pre-weaning stage along with the occurrence of stress have been reported, in this way it is possible to improve the development of the microbial population in the rumen and reduce the probability of the proliferation of the population of pathogenic agents. Studies have shown that calves fed starter feed or milk replacer supplemented with yeast have better starter feed intake, daily weight gain and stool consistency than control calves. The aim is to investigate appropriate antibiotic alternatives to improve calf health, to pay attention to public health issues related to the use of antibiotics in livestock. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of yeasts on performance and health of suckling calves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antibiotics
  • Calves
  • Health
  • Probiotic
  • Gastrointestinal tract

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علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک
دوره 24، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 30
در حال تکمیل شدن
آذر 1403
صفحه 5-12

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