Arnould, C., and Faure, J.M. (2003). "Use of pen space and activity of broiler chickens reared at two different densities." Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 84, 281–296.
Bailie, C.L., Ijichi, C., and O’Connell, N.E. (2018). "Effects of stocking density and string provision on welfare-related measures in commercial broiler chickens in windowed houses." Poultry Science, 97, 1503–1510.
Bennett, D.D., Higgins, S.E., Moore, R.W., Beltran, R., Caldwell, D.J., and et al. (2003). "Effects of lime on Salmonella enteritidis survival in vitro." Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 65–68.
Bolton, W., Dewar, W.A., Jones, R.M., and Thompson, R. (1972). "Effect of stocking density on performance of broiler chicks." British Poultry Science, 13, 157–162.
Coenen, M., Schulze-Kersting, I., Zentek, J., and Kamphues, J. (1996). "Performance of broiler chickens and quality of litter in various housing conditions (stocking density)." Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 103, 79–83.
Cravener, T.L., Roush, W.B., and Mashaly, M.M. (1992). "Broiler production under varying population densities." Poultry Science, 71, 427–433.
Dawkins, M.S., Donnelly, C.A., and Jones, T.A. (2004). "Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density." Nature, 427, 342–344.
Deaton, J.W., Reece, F.N., and Vardman, T.H. (1967). "Effect of temperature and density on broiler performance, in: Poultry Science." Poultry Science ASSOC INC 1111 North Dunlap Ave, Savoy, IL 61874, p. 1251.
Dozier, W.A., Thaxton, J.P., Branton, S.L., Morgan, G.W., Miles, D.M., and et al. (2005). "Stocking density effects on growth performance and processing yields of heavy broilers." Poultry Science, 84, 1332–1338.
Dozier, W.A., Thaxton, J.P., Purswell, J.L., Olanrewaju, H.A., Branton, S.L., and et al. (2006). "Stocking density effects on male broilers grown to 1.8 kilograms of body weight." Poultry Science, 85, 344–351.
Estevez, I., (2007). "Density allowances for broilers: where to set the limits?" Poultry Science, 86, 1265–1272.
Estevez, I., (1999). "Density: How it can affect the behavior and health of your birds." Fact Sheet, 758.
Estevez, I., Newberry, R.C., and De Reyna, L.A. (1997). "Broiler chickens: a tolerant social system." Etologia, 5, 19–29.
Fairchild, B.D., (2009). "Environmental factors to control when brooding chicks."
Feddes, J.J., Emmanuel, E.J., and Zuidhoft, M.J. (2002). "Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities." Poultry Science, 81, 774–779.
Food Market Institute–National Council of Chain Restaurants. (2003). FMI-NCCR Animal welfare program, June 2003 Report.
Garner, J.P., Falcone, C., Wakenell, P., Martin, M., and Mench, J.A. (2002). "Reliability and validity of a modified gait scoring system and its use in assessing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers." British Poultry Science, 43, 355–363.
Goo, D., Kim, J.H., Choi, H.S., Park, G.H., Han, G.P., and et al. (2019). "Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens.) Poultry Science, 98, 1153–1160.
Hall, A.L., (2001). "The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens reared commercially." Animal Welfare, 10, 23–40.
Hansen, R.S., and Becker, W.A. (1960). "Feeding space, population density and growth of young chickens." Poultry Science, 39, 654–661.
Heckert, R.A., Estevez, I., Russek-Cohen, E., and Pettit-Riley, R. (2002). "Effects of density and perch availability on the immune status of broilers." Poultry Science, 81, 451–457.
Heishman, J.O., Cunningham, C.J., and Clark, T.B. (1952). "Floor space requirement of broilers, in: Poultry Science." Poultry Science ASSOC INC 1111 North Dunlap Ave, Savoy, IL 61874, p. 920.
Jones, T.A., Donnelly, C.A., and Dawkins, M.S. (2005). "Environmental and management factors affecting the welfare of chickens on commercial farms in the United Kingdom and Denmark stocked at five densities." Poultry Science, 84, 1155–1165.
Karaarslan, S., and Nazlıgül, A., (2018). "Effects of lighting, stocking density, and access to perches on leg health variables as welfare indicators in broiler chickens." Livestock Science, 218, 31–36.
Kestin, S.C., Knowles, T.G., Tinch, A.E., and Gregory, N.G. (1992). "Prevalence of leg weakness in broiler chickens and its relationship with genotype." Veterinary Record, 131, 190–194.
Li, W., Wei, F., Xu, B., Sun, Q., Deng, W., and et al. (2019). "Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance, physiological and oxidative stress and immune response of broilers." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 32, 1914.
López-López, P., Sarmiento-Franco, L.A., and Santos-Ricalde, R. (2021). "Effect of stocking density on performance, infection by Eimeria spp., intestinal lesions and foot pad injuries in broilers with outdoor access under tropical conditions." British Poultry Science, 1–7.
Martrenchar, A., Boilletot, E., Huonnic, D., and Pol, F. (2002). "Risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in chicken and turkey broilers in France." Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 52, 213–226.
National Chicken Council, (2005). "Animal welfare guidelines and audit checklist." National Chicken Council , Washington, DC.
Nijdam, E., Arens, P., Lambooij, E., Decuypere, E., and Stegeman, J.A., (2004). "Factors influencing bruises and mortality of broilers during catching, transport, and lairage." Poultry Science, 83, 1610–1615.
Pettit-Riley, R., and Estevez, I., (2001). "Effects of density on perching behavior of broiler chickens." Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 71, 127–140.
Proudfoot, F.G., Hulan, H.W., and Ramey, D.R. (1979). "The effect of four stocking densities on broiler carcass grade, the incidence of breast blisters, and other performance traits." Poultry Science, 58, 791–793.
Puron, D., Santamaria, R., Segura, J.C., and Alamilla, J.L. (1995). "Broiler performance at different stocking densities." Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 4, 55–60.
Ritz, C.W., Fairchild, B.D., and Lacy, M.P. (2009). "Litter quality and broiler performance." UGA Extension Bulletin, 1-6.
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, (2002). "Welfare standards for chickens." Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, West Sussex, UK.
Sanotra, G.S., Lawson, L.G., Vestergaard, K.S., and Thomsen, M.G. (2001). "Influence of stocking density on tonic immobility, lameness, and tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers." Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 4, 71–87.
Sanotra, G.S., Lund, J.D., and Vestergaard, K.S. (2002). "Influence of light-dark schedules and stocking density on behaviour, risk of leg problems and occurrence of chronic fear in broilers." British Poultry Science, 43, 344–354.
Shanawany, M.M., (1988). "Broiler performance under high stocking densities." British Poultry Science, 29, 43–52.
Škrbić, Z., Pavlovski, Z., and Lukić, M., (2009). "Stocking density: Factor of production performance, quality and broiler welfare." Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 25, 359–372.
Sørensen, P., Su, G., and Kestin, S.C., (2000). "Effects of age and stocking density on leg weakness in broiler chickens." Poultry Science, 79, 864–870.
Tablante, N.L., Estevez, I., and Russek-Cohen, E., (2003). "Effect of perches and stocking density on tibial dyschondroplasia and bone mineralization as measured by bone ash in broiler chickens." Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 53–59.
Thaxton, J.P., Dozier, W.A., Branton, S.L., Morgan, G.W., Miles, D.W., and et al. (2006). "Stocking density and physiological adaptive responses of broilers. Poultry Science, 85, 819–824.
Thaxton, Y.V., Balzli, C.L., and Tankson, J.D. (2003). "Relationship of broiler flock numbers to litter microflora." Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12, 81–84.
Tomhave, A.E., and Seeger, K.C., (1945). "Floor space requirements of broilers." Livestocking,
Wong-Valle, J., McDaniel, G.R., Kuhlers, D.L., and Bartels, J.E. (1993). "Correlated responses to selection for high or low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers." Poultry Science, 72, 1621–1629.
Yardimci, M., and Kenar, B. (2008). "Effect of stocking density on litter microbial load in broiler chickens." Archiva Zootechnica, 11, 75–81.
Zhang, X., McDaniel, G.R., Yalcin, Z.S., and Kuhlers, D.L. (1995). "Genetic correlations of tibial dyschondroplasia incidence with carcass traits in broilers." Poultry Science, 74, 910–915.
 دامِستیک', './data/domesticsj/coversheet/401668024154.jpg'))