Abdel-Latif, H.M., Abdel-Daim, M.M., Shukry, M., Nowosad, J. and Kucharczyk, D. (2021). Benefits and applications of Moringa oleifera as a plant protein source in Aquafeed: A review. Aquaculture 547, 737369.
Abdouli, H., Haj-Ayed, M., Belhouane, S. and Emna, E.H. (2014). Effect of Feeding Hens with Fenugreek Seeds on Laying Performance, Egg Quality Characteristics, Serum and Egg Yolk Cholesterol. Journal Of New Sciences. 3, 1–9.
Aispuro, J.A.M., Velasco, J.L.F., Sánchez-Torres, M.T. and Mora, J.L.C. (2020). Unconventional plants as a source of phytochemicals for broiler chicken. AGROProductividad 13.
Alharthi, A.S., Alobre, M.M., Abdelrahman, M.M., Al-Baadani, H.H., Swelum, A.A., and et al (2021). “ The Effects of Different Levels of Sunflower Hulls on Reproductive Performance of Yearly Ewes Fed with Pelleted Complete Diets ”. Agriculture 11, 959.
Al-Sagan, A.A., Khalil, S., Hussein, E.O.S. and Attia, Y.A. (2020). Effects of Fennel Seed Powder Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Efficiency of Broilers under Thermoneutral and Chronic Heat Stress Conditions. Animals 10, 206.
Aluko, R. (2012). Bioactive Carbohydrates. In Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals; Aluko, R.E., Ed.; Food Science Text Series; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2012; pp. 3–22.
Boka, J., Mahdavi, A.H., Samie, A.H. and Jahanian, R. (2013). Effect of different levels of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, intestinal Escherichia coli colonization and jejunal morphology in laying hens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 98, 373–383.
Callaway, J.C. (2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview. Euphytica 140, 65–72.
Chambers, C.S., Holecˇková, V., Petrásková, L., Biedermann, D., Valentová, K., Buchta, M. and Krˇen, V. (2017). The silymarin composition and why does it matter. Food Research International. 100, 339–353.
Chand, N., Din Muhammad, F.R., Durrani, M. and Sahibzada, S. (2011). Protective effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) against aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 24, 1011–1018.
Chand, N., Naz, S., Irfan, M., Khan, R.U. and Rehman, Z.U. (2018). Effect of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed supplementation on egg quality and cholesterol of Rhode Island Red Fayoumi laying hens. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources. 38, 468–475.
Crippa, J.A.S., Derenusson, G.N., Ferrari, T.B., Wichertana, L., Duran, F.L., Martin-Santos, R. and Filho, A.S. (2011). Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 25, 121–130.
Duda-Chodak, A., Tarko, T., Satora, P. and Sroka, P. (2015). Interaction of dietary compounds, especially polyphenols, with the intestinal microbiota: A review. European Journal of Nutrition. 54, 325–341.
Eriksson, M. and Wall, H. (2012). Hemp seed cake in organic broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 171, 205–213.
Farag, M.A., Abdelwareth, A., Sallam, I., Shorbagi, M., Jehmlich, N., Fritz-Wallace, K., Schäpe, S.S., Rolle-Kampczyk, U., Ehrlich, A. and Wessjohann, L.A. (2020). Metabolomics reveals impact of seven functional foods on metabolic pathways in a gut microbiota model. Journal of Advanced Research. 23, 47–59.
Gaikwad, B., Patil, R., Padghan, P. and Shinde, S. (2019). Effect of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracum L.) Seed Powder as Natural Feed Additive on Performance and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8, 1147–1155.
Gažák, R., Walterová, D. and Krˇen, V. (2007). Silybin and silymarin new and emerging applications in medicine. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 14, 315–338.
Gharaghani, H., Shariatmadari, F. and Torshizi, K. (2013). Comparison of oxidative quality of meat of chickens feed corn or wheat based diets with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), antibiotic and probiotic as feed additive, under different storage conditions. Archiv für Geflügelkunde. 77, 199–205.
Gharaghani, H., Shariatmadari, F. and Torshizi, M.A. (2015). Effect of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Used as a Feed Additive on The Egg Quality of Laying Hens Under Heat Stress Animal Production Science. 25, 80–86.
Gowd, V., Karim, N., Shishir, M.R.I., Xie, L. and Chen, W. (2019). Dietary polyphenols to combat the metabolic diseases via altering gut microbiota. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 93, 81–93.
Gunstone, F.D. and Harwood, J.L. (2007). Occurence and characterisation of oils and fats. In The Lipid Handbook with CD-Rom.; Gunstone, F.D., Harwood, J.L., Dijkstra, A.J., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 37–141.
Halle, I. and Schöne, F. (2013). Influence of rapeseed cake, linseed cake and hemp seed cake on laying performance of hens and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. J. Verbrauch Lebensm 8, 185–193.
Hampson, A.J., Grimaldi, M., Lolic, M., Wink, D., Rosenthal, R. and Axelrod, J. (2000). Neuroprotective antioxidants from marijuana. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 899, 274–282.
Heidary, M., Hassanabadi, A. and Mohebalian, H. (2020). Effects of in Ovo Injection of Nanocurcumin and Vitamin E on Antioxidant Status, Immune Responses, Intestinal Morphology and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress. Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies. 8, 17–27.
Hohmann, A.G. and Suplita, R.L. (2006). Endocannabinoid mechanisms of pain modulation. AAPS Journal. 8, 693–708.
Jhaveri, M.D., Elmes, S.J.R., Richardson, D., Barrett, D.A., Kendall, D.A., Mason, R. and Chapman, V. (2008). Evidence for a novel functional role of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the thalamus of neuropathic rats. European Journal of Neuroscience. 27, 1722–1730.
Khan, M.A., Blackshaw, R.E. and Marwat, K.B. (2009). Biology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the management options for growers in north-western Pakistan. Weed Biology. 9, 99–105.
Khan, N., Abbasi, A.M., Dastagir, G., Nazir, A., Shah, G., Shah, M.M. and Shah, M.H. (2014). Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial study of some selected medicinal plants used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) as a potential source to cure infectious diseases. BMC Complement. Alternative medicine. 14, 122.
Khan, R.U., Fatima, A., Naz, S., Ragni, M., Tarricone, S. and Tufarelli, V. (2022). Perspective, Opportunities and Challenges in Using Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in Poultry Health and Production as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Antibiotics: A Review. Antibiotics 11, 278.
Khan, U.R., Durrani, F.R., Chand, N. and Anwar, H. (2010). Influence of feed supplementation with cannabis sativa on quality of broilers carcass. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 30, 34–38.
Koch, J.E. (2001). Delta 9-THC stimulates food intake in Lewis rats: Effects on chow, high-fat and sweet high-fat diets. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 68, 539–543.
Kosina, P., Maurel, P., Ulrichova, J. and Dvorak, Z. (2005). Effect of silybin and its glycosides on the expression of cytochromes P450 1A2 and 3A4 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 19, 149–153.
Krˇen, V. and Walterová, D. (2005). Silybin and silymarin—New effects and applications. Biomedical Papers. 149, 29–41.
Makki, O.F., Afzali, N. and Omidi, A. (2013). Effect of different levels of Silymarin (Silybum marianum) on growth rate, carcass variables and liver morphology of broiler chickens contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Poultry Science Journal. 1, 105–116.
Mishra, N. (2020) Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices: Potential Health Benefits of Fenugreek with Multiple Pharmacological Properties; Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA.
Mortati, K., Dworetzky, B. and Devinsky, O. (2007). Marijuana: An effective antiepileptic treatment in partial epilepsy? A case report and review of the literature. Reviews in neurological diseases. 4, 103–106.
Neijat, M., Gakhar, N., Neufeld, J. and House, J.D. (2014). Performance, egg quality, and blood plasma chemistry of laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil. Poultry Science Journal. 93, 2827–2840.
Palade, L., Habeanu, M., Marin, D., Chedea, V., Pistol, G., Grosu, I., Gheorghe, A., Ropota, M. and Taranu, I. (2019). Effect of dietary hemp seed on oxidative status in sows during late gestation and lactation and their offspring. Animals 9, 194.
Possemiers, S., Bolca, S., Verstraete, W. and Heyerick, A. (2011). The intestinal microbiome: A separate organ inside the body with the metabolic potential to influence the bioactivity of botanicals. Fitoterapia 82, 53–66.
Potter, D.J., Clark, P. and Brown, M.B. (2008). Potency of ∆9–THC and other cannabinoids in cannabis in England in 2005: Implications for psychoactivity and pharmacology. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 53, 90–94.
Premavalli, K. and Omprakash, A.V. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) on production performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 8, 1588–1590.
Puvacˇa, N., Lika, E., Tufarelli, V., Bursic´, V., Pelic´, D.L., Nikolova, N., Petrovic´, A., Prodanovic´, R., Vukovic´, G. and Levic´, J. (2020). Influence of Different Tetracycline Antimicrobial Therapy of Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma synoviae) in Laying Hens Compared to Tea Tree Essential Oil on Table Egg Quality and Antibiotic Residues. Foods 9, 612.
Rahman, M. and Kim, S.J. (2016). Effects of dietary Nigella sativa seed supplementation on broiler productive performance, oxidative status and qualitative characteristics of thighs meat. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 15, 241–247.
Rahman, S.U., Khan, S., Chand, N., Sadique, U. and Khan, R.U. (2017). In vivo effects of Allium cepa L. on the selected gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology in broiler. Acta Histochemica. 119, 446–450.
Rashid, F., Bao, Y., Ahmed, Z. and Huang, J.Y. (2020). Effect of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma on extraction of fenugreek galactomannan and its physicochemical properties. Food Research International. 138, 109776.
Rea, K., Roche, M. and Finn, D.P. (2007). Supraspinal modulation of pain by cannabinoids: The role of GABA and glutamate. British Journal of Pharmacology. 152, 633–648.
Safaei-Cherehh, A., Rasouli, B., Alaba, P.A., Seidavi, A., Hernández, S.R. and Salem, A.Z.M. (2018). Effect of dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill. extract on growth performance, blood metabolites, immunity and ileal microflora in male broilers. Agroforestry Systems. 94, 1269–1278.
Saleh, L., Pal Singh, R. and Nagar, S. (2018). Efficacy of Foeniculum vulgare seeds powder on growth performance in broiler. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 3, 167–170.
Saller, R., Meier, R. and Brignoli, R. (2001). The use of silymarin in the treatment of liver diseases. Drugs 61, 2035–2063.
Schiavone, A., Righi, F., Quarantelli, A., Bruni, R., Serventi, P. and Fusari, A. (2007). Use of Silybum marianum fruit extract in broiler chicken nutrition: Influence on performance and meat quality. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 91, 256–262.
Skrˇivan, M., Englmaierová, M., Taubner, T. and Skrˇivanová, E. (2020). Effects of dietary hemp seed and flaxseed on growth performance, meat fatty acid compositions, liver tocopherol concentration and bone strength of cockerels. Animals 10, 458.
Sonnenbichler, J. and Zetl, I. (1986). Biochemical effects of the flavonolignane silibinin on RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in rat livers. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1986, 213, 319–331.
Sugiharto, S. (2016). Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth performance of poultry. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 15, 99–111.
Tedesco, D., Steidler, S., Galletti, S., Tameni, M., Sonzogni, O. and Ravarotto, L. (2004). Efficacy of silymarin-phospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 83, 1839–1843.
Tewari, D., Józ´wik, A., Łysek-Gładysin´ska, M., Grzybek, W., Adamus-Białek, W., Bicki, J., Strzałkowska, N., Kamin´ska, A., Horban´czuk, O.K. and Atanasov, A.G. (2020). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) Seeds Dietary Supplementation Regulates Liver Antioxidant Defense Systems in Aging Mice. Nutrients 12, 2552.
Ullah, F., Tahir, M., Naz, S., Khan, N.A. and Khan, R.U. (2022). In vtro efficacy and ameliorating effect of Moringa oleifera on growth, carcass, stress and digestibility of nutrients in Eschertchia coli-infected broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research.
Wellington, K. and Jarvis, B. (2001). Silymarin: A review of its clinical properties in the management of hepatic disorder. BioDrugs 15, 465–489.
Williamson, E.M., Liu, X. and Izzo, A.A. (2019). Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals. British Journal of Pharmacology. 177, 1227–1240.
Xu, Y., Yang, Q. and Wang, X. (2020). Efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of International Medical Research. 48, 300060520936179.
Yassin, M., Nurfeta, A. and Banerjee, S. (2020). The Effect of Supplementing Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seed Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Cobb 500 Broilers Reared on Conventional Ration. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 30, 129–142.
 دامِستیک', './data/domesticsj/coversheet/681745558549.jpg'))