Applications of DNA vaccines in veterinary medicine

Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Authors

1 Student of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

DNA vaccine consists of a plasmid DNA molecule that contains gene(s) expressing the desired antigen and suitable genetic elements (such as promoter) for expression in the target organism. The antigen is recognized by the immune system of the target organism and a humoral or cellular immune response is created. DNA vaccines have many advantages over conventional vaccines, including ease of production, stability, and the ability to produce on a large scale. They overcome the need to culture dangerous infectious agents and allow vaccination against multiple pathogens in a single injection. Because DNA vaccine plasmids are non-living, non-replicating and non-propagating, there is little risk of reversion to the disease-causing form or secondary infection. In addition to safety, DNA vaccines are very flexible and can be made by several types of genes, including viral or bacterial antigens, and produce immunological and biological proteins. In the recent years, four DNA products have been licensed for animal use, which are vaccines against West Nile virus in horses, infectious necrosis virus of hematopoietic centers in cultured salmon, melanoma in dogs, and a growth hormone-releasing hormone product (GHRH) for fetal loss in pigs. Production on a large scale and at low cost have made the production of DNA vaccines successful in the commercial arena. Nevertheless, more researches are needed to solve the limitations of using this type of vaccines in livestock.

Keywords

References

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