A Review of the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and control aspects of bovine malignant catarrhal fever

Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Author

M.Sc. Graduate of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zabul University, Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran

Abstract

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a severe viral disease that affects a variety of domestic and wild ruminants. It is caused by group of Gamma herpes viruses. In this genus, there are 6 types of viruses that cause this disease, the most important of which are AlHV-1 and OvHV-2, which cause wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF) and sheep- associated MCF, respectively. Each virus is well-adapted to its natural host, and is normally carried asymptomatically in reservoir hosts, but it can cause severe disease in other species. There is no successful treatment for MCF, and the case fatality rate is extremely high. Outbreaks are common in some areas, where cattle are seasonally exposed to the wildebeest associated virus during peak replication periods. Currently, the only effective control measures are to isolate susceptible species from carriers or to breed virus-free reservoir hosts. It is necessary to conduct systematic and ongoing surveillance and monitoring of small ruminants. Diagnostic tests are time-consuming, require experience, and are insufficient to support active field surveillance, especially in hotspots. Since most of the infected animals die within two weeks, there is no time for lengthy diagnostic tests, sensitive and quick detection methods in the field are needed. In general, vaccine production, efficient and rapid confirmatory diagnosis, and genetic studies may be part of a three-pronged approach for the integrated control of Malignant Influenza.

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References

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