A review of the principle of genetics and breeding of poultry from classic to genomic selection; with emphasis on mating strategies

Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student of Animal and Poultry Breeding & Genetics, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 B.Sc. of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran

3 M.Sc. Student of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran

Abstract

Today, the poultry industry is seen as a competitor to oil and plays an important role in ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture. Despite recent advances in biotechnology and whole genome sequencing, the avian genome, at a gigabyte and a half in size and containing 78 chromosomes, still has its own complexity. On the other hand, the physiological conditions in chickens have led to breeding strategies of this species that differ from those of other livestock species. Inbreeding control, identification of genes, and biological signaling pathways are among the most important things to include in breeding goals in this context. Inexpensive, next-generation specific identification chips and sequencing techniques are two very important tools for this purpose, to establish a reference population with high genetic diversity, effective population size, and a reasonable ratio of males to females (typically three to four times as many males as females). And the selection of the candidate population plays a significant role. In the broiler breeding industry, the most common strategy is to use lines with beef traits, resistance, growth rate, and good sperm quality in the two paternal parental lines and lines with high fertility and oviposition and good egg quality in the two maternal parental lines. Also, in the production of laying lines, attention is paid to traits such as laying efficiency and feed and quality of eggs. Then, at the next cross line crossing, crossed males from two paternal lines are supplemented with crossed females from two maternal lines, and in fact, four traits from the parents are combined. Within each line, continuous recording and internalization ensure the continuous life of the line. In this overview article, readers and interested parties were given an overview of the genetics and breeding of domestic poultry: from classic to genomic selection.

Keywords

References

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