Importance of ruminants breeding and significant role of rumen microorganisms in their feed consumption and their production

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 B.Sc. Student of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Important products of the agricultural and livestock industry include milk and dairy products as well as red meat, which shows the special importance of animal breeding. One of the valuable aspects of raising livestock, especially ruminants, is the use of low input value feeds such as plant or animal waste that cannot be usable by humans. How the microbial population in the rumen originated, as well as the complexities of how each of them works and their specific activity, have long been discussed by scientists. In the early stages of ruminant life and infancy, ruminants’ stomachs are free of active microorganisms and are sometimes sterile, but as dry matter enters the gastrointestinal tract, aerobic microorganisms will be the first developing protozoa of the fermenting rumen. In the rumen environment, there are different types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, each of which has played a specific role and has a significant impact on animal production, the knowledge of which can facilitate the formulation of diets at different stages of animal physiological and production. The composition and number of rumen microorganisms depend on factors such as race, age, external environment, and nutrition. Also, various factors such as temperature, pH, buffer capacity, osmotic pressure, stress, etc. affect the number and types of rumen microorganisms. In this article, an attempt has been made to acquaint the fans and readers with some of the importance and complexities of this amazing system and to provide them with information in this field.

Keywords

References

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