A comparative study of maternal behaviors in farm animals

Document Type : Scientific-Extensional Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran

Abstract

Maternal behavior refers to a set of actions performed by female animals to care for their offspring. These behaviors influence offspring growth, survival, immune function, and future social interactions. Examples include licking the newborn, protecting it, and forming a psychological bond between mother and offspring.The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic, hormonal, and neuroendocrine mechanisms affecting maternal behaviors. Although maternal behavior has been extensively studied in general behavioral research, comparative studies among farm animals are relatively limited. Maternal behaviors are of great importance in increasing offspring survival and improving animal welfare. These behaviors is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. For instance, Holstein cows display weaker maternal instincts than Angus cows. Moreover, cows raised in free-range systems exhibit stronger maternal behaviors. In sheep, maternal behavior involves selective bonding and depends on sensory cues such as amniotic fluids. In poultry, the study of maternal behavior is of limited importance. Oxytocin plays a major role in initiating maternal behavior in mammals. There is a negative correlation between maternal behavior and genetic selection, indicating that maternal care tends to be suppressed by selective breeding. Further research may help clarify the genetic and neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying maternal behavior in farm animals.

Keywords

References

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Professional Journal of Domestic
Volume 26, Issue 1 - Serial Number 36
In Progress
June 2026
Pages 36-41

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